Tuesday 22 August 2017

OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE


<0b66lcd49g6b2zwrfczawqllwnkeb style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Open Educational Resource (OER)   




      
             OER are freely accessible openly licensed text, media and other digital assets that are useful 4 teaching, learning and assessing as well as for research purposes .It is the leading trend in distance education /open and distance learning domain as a consequence of the openness movement. There is no universal usage of open file formats in OER.The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated buy a desire to provide and alternate or enhanced educational paradigm. (Paradigm is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns including theories, research methods, postulates and standard for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.)                 





    Defining The Scope And Nature Of Open Educational Resource                                                                                                                                     

The idea of open educational resources  has numerous working definitions. t.The term was firstly coined at UNESCO's 2002 forum of open courseware and  designates" teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an  open licence that permits no cost access , use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or Limited restrictions .Open licensing is built within the  existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined by relevant International conventions and respects the authorship of the work ".                     William and flora Hewlett Foundation term which defines open educational resources as; teaching, learning and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property licence that permits there free use and repurposing by others .Open educational resources include full courses, course materials,  modules,textbooks ,streaming videos , tests, software and any other tools ,materials or techniques used to support access to knowledge .                              The organisation for economic cooperation and development  (OECD )defines  Open educational resources as;"digitised materials offered freely and openly for educators ,students and self -learners to use and reuse for teaching ,learning and research .Open educational resources includes learning content,  software tools to develop, use and distribute content and implementation resources such as open licences.        Since open educational resources are intended to be available for a variety of educational purposes, most organisations using open educational resources neither award degrees nor provide academic for or administrative support to students seeking college credits towards a diploma from a degree granting accredited institution.           Freely available educational resources are not necessarily open educational resources .Many educational resources made available on the Internet are gearedy to allowing online access to digitised educational content ,but the materials themselves are restrictively licenced.  


  History

The open educational resources movement originated from developments in open and distance learning (ODL) and in the wider context of a culture of open knowledge, open source, free sharing and peer collaboration which emerged in the late 20th century.

                                                                                                                                                  Licensing and it types :Open education resource Oftenn involve issues relating to intellectual property rights .Traditional educational materials such as text books, are protected under conventional copyright terms. Types of open educational resources include :full courses ,course materials, modulus ,learning objects,open text books, openly licenced videos ,tests, software and other tools ,materials orr techniques used to support access to knowledge .Open education resource may be freely and openly available static resources ,dynamic resources which is change over time in course of having knowledge seekers interacting with and updating them or a course or module with a combination of these resources.    

    Open educational policy :Open educational resource policies are principles or tenets adopted by governing bodies in support of the use of open content and practices in educational institutions. Many of these policies require publicly funded resources be openly licenced.Such policies are emerging increasingly at the country ,state, province and more local level.

(Open education resources are teaching,learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released released under an open licence that permits their free use and repurposing by others).

Creative common licence :A creative commons  (CC) licence is one of the several public copyright licences that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work .A creative commons licence is used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use and build upon a work that they have created.CC provides an author flexibility an protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the licence by which the author distributes the work. There are several types of CC licences. The licences differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. There were initially released on December 16, 2002 by Creative commons ,a US non profit Corporation founded in 2001. There have also been 5 versions of the suite of licences ,numbered 1.0 through 4.0 .As of July 2017, the 4.0 licence suit is the most current . Work licensed under a creative commons licence is governed by applicable copyright law. This allows creative commons licence to be applied to all work falling under copyright ,including ,books, plays,movies, music, articles photographs, blogs and websites .CC does not recommend the use of Creative commons licence for software .However application of a creative commons licence may not modify the rights allowed by fair use or fair dealing or exert restrictions which violate copyright exceptions. Furthermore CC licences are non exclusive and non revocable. Any work or copies of the work obtained under a CC licence may continue to be used under that licence .The CC licences all grant the "baseline rights", such as the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide for noncommercial purpose, and without modification. The legal implications of large number of works having creative commons licensing are difficult to predict, and there is speculation that media creators often lack insight to be able to choose the licence which best meets their intent in applying it.







 

 Emerging digital assistive Technologies:

Assistive technology is an umbrella term that includes assistive, adaptive and rehabilitative device for people with disabilities and also includes the process used in selecting, locating and using them. Assistive Technology promotes greater Independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they wear formerly unable to accomplishing, by providing enhancements to, or changing methods of interacting with ,the technology needed to accomplish such task. Assistive Technology may be classified as a device or system that provides people with practical solutions to everyday life activities.

Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which present progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage. Assistive technologies have developed rapidly in recent years, allowing people with motor disabilities to live more Independent and comfortable lives.                             



 

         List of emerging Technologies: Agriculture (agricultural robot, closed ecological systems), aviation (drones, micro air vehicle), Construction, architecture (arcology), materials science Tec.                      

Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo. These are characterized by radical novelty, relatively fast growth, prominent impact and uncertainty and ambiguity .Emerging technologies include a variety of technologies such as educational technology, Information Technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, psycho Technology robotics and artificial intelligence.   Digital technology is a base two process .Digital information is recorded in binary code of combinations of the digital 0 and 1, also called bits, which represent words and images .

Digital technology enables immense amounts of information to be compressed on smart storage devices that can be easily presented and transported. Digitalization also quickens data transmission speeds. Digital technology has transformed how people communicate, Learn and work .American engineers began developing digital technology in the mid- twentieth century .Their techniques were based on mathematical concepts suggested by the 17th century German mathematician ;Gottfried Wilhelm leibniz,who proposed a binary computing system. His innovation inspired such numerical codes as American standard code for information interchange that described objects with digits.






 


 

 REPORT OF ICT WORKSHOP

Workshop on information communication technology was organized at NSS training college ottapalam on 21st august 2017.The program was inaugurated by our beloved principal Dr.lakshmi .k. nair and chaired by Dr.Ambili Aravind,HOD .Both welcomed all students of 1st M.Ed.Program was facilitated by our beloved Professor Dr.K.Sajan.This workshop was a seven day programe .The programme was a huge successful one.Even though we had a very little knowledge on computer applications we could do all the works in a better way.From this workshop we got a good awarness about computer softwares and applications.Each day was very interesting and informative.Following are our works done on this workshop:

PREPARING A WORD DOCUMENT

This takes us half a day to prepare a word document and converting it to a apa format.we were very sure about this work that this will be very useful for our future academic works especially during our dessertation completion.our Proffessor Sajan sir helped us a lot in correcting each sections and claryfying our doubts.

 PREPARING A POWER POINT

Preparing a power point was quite interesting one.to include images,videos etc. made it interesting and creative.this gave us a wide understanding about presenting a power point
editing image,audio file and video files:our recorded audio was edited using audacity software and video files was also edited using suitable softwares such as video cutters.Images are also downloaded and then edited.

PREPARING AN EXCEL SHEET

An excel sheet was prepared by us according to the guidance of our teacher.we had entered the data such as time taken for each item in a day.also total time taken for each item during 6 days.

PREPARATION OF BLOG

This was the time user because most of the time we spent was on preparing and posting on blog.we all had posted our ICT seminar topics on our blog as everyone could see and go through our posters.we have tried to make our blogs very attractive and user friendly so that everyone could easily access it .
Data entered in excel sheet was ploted using two graphs:
1.column chart and
2.pie chart
it is shown below..
 
 COLUMN CHART
 
 
PIE CHART 

 
 

 

OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

<0b66lcd49g6b2zwrfczawqllwnkeb style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Open Educational Resource (OER)            ...